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Protestant Apologetics

Ephesians 1:22

NT Letters
Ephesians 1:22
22And God put everything under His feet and made Him head over everything for the church,
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JW Usage

JWs accept "he subjected all things under his feet" as Christ's exaltation but lean heavily on the distinction between subjection in authority and actual establishment of the Kingdom — the latter reserved for 1914 in heaven and for post-Armageddon on earth. The "all things" is understood as positional, not operationally complete.

Protestant Usage

Paul leaves no loophole. "He subjected all things under his feet" is total scope — 's echo of Psalm 8's dominion language is applied absolutely to the risen Christ. And "made him head over all things to the church" grounds the present-day significance: the one whose authority is absolute is the head of the church now. completes the picture: "He must reign as king until God has put all enemies under his feet." The reign is continuous; the subjection of enemies is the ongoing campaign. Christ was crowned at the ascension, he reigns now, and the last enemy to be destroyed is death (15:26). Pair with — "all authority has been given me in heaven and on earth" — and the question the Watchtower cannot answer is: if Christ has all authority now () and all things are already under his feet (), what authority remains for a future enthronement to establish?